Emco2 Analyzer
Energy and fuel consumption data acquisition, emission parameter definition, CO2 calculation and report generation software.This is an business application for collection and analysis of data for carbon dioxide emission (greenhouse gas emission).
About Emco2 Analyzer
The application trough administration functions provides:
_Data collection and emission calculation functions
_Department management,
_Fuel type, unit, conversion factors (to CO2 tones conversion) and
_GWP management,
Indirect fuel related type, unit and conversion factors management,
_Export/import data entry in Excel spreadsheet form and
_Emission calculation management
Reporting functions
_Reporting departments management
_Emission source types (buildings, equipment …) management, emission intensity
_Emission models management (grouping CO2 generated emissions
by departments and fuel types to provide business specific reports)
_Reporting year management (rolling/removing the reporting year).
Fuel consumption data and emission source details are collected by fuel consumers trough data entry screens. Data for a year and a department can be exported as automated data entry spreadsheet, populated and imported back in system.
Various reports can be generated to monitor emission volume and compare source of emissions by departments, fuel types, fuel sources and emission models. This will provide enough information for a corporation management to identify critical emission generators, monitor and evaluate actions for greenhouse gas emission reduction and promoting energy efficiency projects to deliver comprehensive benefits, including attractive financial performance ..
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Mini NIR Spectrometer for Plant-Floor Use—October 2004
A new series of miniature near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers is said to offer a cost-effective tool for inspecting incoming raw materials and product quality control. Compact, battery-powered Model 5030 ATOF-NIR Portable Analyzer from Brimrose Corp. of America, Baltimore, allows laboratory tests to be performed anywhere in a plant environment. The instrument, which sells for $28,000 (compared with $40,000 for larger units), is reportedly insensitive to ambient light, vibration, dust, and dirt. Its design allows for quick switchover from solids to liquids, and results appear instantly on its LCD. Applications include material identification or measurement of moisture content and active-ingredient levels. Once the instrument is calibrated, it reportedly can be used by an inexperienced operator.
Infrared Analyzer Explanation
The above diagram provides a graphic representation of the basic design of an infrared analyzer which is used to measure breath alcohol concentrations. The design is based on the fact that specific wavelengths of infrared energy are absorbed by ethyl alcohol molecules. In its simplest form, the instrument's detector measures the change in the amount of a specific wavelength of infrared energy that passes from the infrared source (lamp), through the sample chamber and filter wheel to the detector. The change in response on the detector, as a breath sample is submitted to the sample chamber , is monitored and analyzed by a processor in the instrument. The change in the signal is used to calculate an alcohol concentration.
The difference between the amount of infrared energy that reaches the detector when the sample chamber is free of compounds that absorb the infrared energy and the amount of infrared energy that reaches the detector when a subject's breath sample is within the sample chamber, provides an indication of the concentration of the absorbing substances in the sample . If ethanol was the only molecule found in a breath sample that would absorb energy at the wavelength being recorded by the detector, the calculated difference in infrared energy reaching the detector could be used by itself to establish the concentration of alcohol in the breath sample. Unfortunately this is not always the case.
Photon Infrared Flue Gas Analyzer
The Photon infrared flue gas analyzer is the first instrument truly built on the "plug and play" principle. The basic instrument consists of casing with display, power supply and the backplane board. The main CPU is also fitted, as are pump and other standard ancillaries. All the main sensing technology for this infrared analyzer can then be chosen from a list and simply slotted in. Connect up the gas tubing if needed and the infrared flue gas analyzer is ready to go!
In addition to the slots for infrared measurement of carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), there is a slot for a board carrying up to nine electrochemical sensors. These can be chosen from any of the sensors we generally use. The instrument is designed to give you a choice in all matters. Although designed primarily as an infrared flue gas analyzer, the instrument may also be con-figured using only electro-chemical sensors.
In most cases the oxygen sensor will be needed. Differential pressure and temperature measurement are standard equipment on the instrument. This is a flue gas analyzer and needs the standard capabilities of a flue gas analyzer in addition to the more advanced features associated with infrared technology
Slots are provided for all the other options that can be fitted as standard. These include additional analog outputs, relay outputs, extra temperature or pressure measurements, a data-logger and numerous others.
The Photon infrared flue gas analyzer weighs in at a slim 7 kg with all sensors fitted. Set up takes no time at all, the infrared sensors will, however, give best results after around 20 minutes time. They operate best when they have reached a stable temperature.
Effective drying of the sample is essential when measuring with infrared technology, partly to prevent any danger of fogging of the optics, but mainly due to the absorption lines of NO and SO2. These lines are very close to the absorption line for water, so there will be an inaccuracy due to these effects, particularly at low concentrations, if the water is not efficiently removed.
This is best carried out with a permeation dryer for a number of reasons. The Peltier dryer does not remove enough water to be used for this purpose. Whilst it is perfectly acceptable for use with electrochemical sensors, or even for infrared sensors measuring methane or carbon dioxide, the residual water vapor will provide enough signal absorption to completely drown the weaker peaks from low concentrations of NO or SO2. Even then, it is mostly still necessary to remove the last traces of water chemically to have a completely dry sample stream. A staged refrigeration dryer would also be capable of providing the efficiency needed, but has other disadvantages, not least the size and weight
In addition to the slots for infrared measurement of carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), there is a slot for a board carrying up to nine electrochemical sensors. These can be chosen from any of the sensors we generally use. The instrument is designed to give you a choice in all matters. Although designed primarily as an infrared flue gas analyzer, the instrument may also be con-figured using only electro-chemical sensors.
In most cases the oxygen sensor will be needed. Differential pressure and temperature measurement are standard equipment on the instrument. This is a flue gas analyzer and needs the standard capabilities of a flue gas analyzer in addition to the more advanced features associated with infrared technology
Slots are provided for all the other options that can be fitted as standard. These include additional analog outputs, relay outputs, extra temperature or pressure measurements, a data-logger and numerous others.
The Photon infrared flue gas analyzer weighs in at a slim 7 kg with all sensors fitted. Set up takes no time at all, the infrared sensors will, however, give best results after around 20 minutes time. They operate best when they have reached a stable temperature.
Effective drying of the sample is essential when measuring with infrared technology, partly to prevent any danger of fogging of the optics, but mainly due to the absorption lines of NO and SO2. These lines are very close to the absorption line for water, so there will be an inaccuracy due to these effects, particularly at low concentrations, if the water is not efficiently removed.
This is best carried out with a permeation dryer for a number of reasons. The Peltier dryer does not remove enough water to be used for this purpose. Whilst it is perfectly acceptable for use with electrochemical sensors, or even for infrared sensors measuring methane or carbon dioxide, the residual water vapor will provide enough signal absorption to completely drown the weaker peaks from low concentrations of NO or SO2. Even then, it is mostly still necessary to remove the last traces of water chemically to have a completely dry sample stream. A staged refrigeration dryer would also be capable of providing the efficiency needed, but has other disadvantages, not least the size and weight
Non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer
A non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer for determining concentrations of carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides has two measuring cells 4, 6 consecutively traversed by a beam, with an optopneumatic detector 22 for carbon dioxide and an optopneumatic detector 23 for carbon monoxide arranged between them. Detectors 7, 8 for hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are arranged on the measuring cell 6 located downstream from detectors 22, 23 in the direction of the beam.
Extending AOTF-NIR Spectrometer to Gas Measurement
As a new generation spectrometers, Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF)-Near Infrared (NIR) spectrometer had been widely applied in many domains due to its remarkable advantages such as higher resolution, faster and more robust. But, to date, the availability of AOTF-NIR spectrometer is limited to liquid and solid detection. In this paper, the application of AOTF-NIR spectrometer in gas quantitative determination is explored. A vacuumable gas cell was designed and assembled to Luminar 5030-731 AOTF-NIR spectrometer for obtaining spectra of gas samples including methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), and its mixture. All detected gas samples of different concentrations are prepared dynamically by diluting standard gas with super pure nitrogen via precision volumetric gas flow controllers. To test the performance of refitted spectrometer, gas samples were injected into the gas cell and the spectra of wavelength between 1100 nm-2300 nm were collected. The relative absorbency of CH4 of different concentration was compared. It shows obvious proportional increase along with the concentration increase. This indicates that the AOTF-NIR spectrometer mounted gas cell can be used for scanning gas samples and obtain exact spectra. And then, prediction model of unknown concentration gas mixtures of CH4 and CO was created by using kernel partial least squares (KPLS). The effectiveness of the model is tested by the samples of predict set. The mean square error (MSE) of the predicted gas is below 1.64% when the concentrations of component gas are over 0.40%. The exploratory work indicates a new way for gas detection and provides the base for developing of NIR gas detector.
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